Warm the olive oil in the pot over medium heat. Sauté the celery, garlic, basil, rosemary, oregano, thyme until the celery is soft, about 5 minutes. Add the barley, potatoes, carrots, pearl onions, stock, wine, and bay leaf. Cover and bring to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for 20 minutes.
While the soup simmers, prepare the orzo pasta in the medium pot according to the package directions. Drain and set aside.
Stir in the beans, tomatoes, tomato paste, and parsley. Bring to a boil, cover, gently boil until pasta is cooked (15 minutes).
Add the kale and cook, uncovered, until it is tender-crisp (5 minutes). Remove the parsley sprigs. Salt and pepper to taste and stir in the cooked orzo. Serve in bowls, topped with grated Parmesan cheese and crusty bread on the side.
Make it Gluten Free
Omit the pearl barley. Make rice or quinoa and pour soup over it. Make the pasta on the side and pour soup over it. If you use purchased stock or other ingredients, check the label to sure those items are gluten free.